Measuring and indicating apparatus



May 15; 1923.

H. BREWER MEASURING AND INDICATING APPARATUS Original Filed Feb. 21, 2Shets-Sheet 1 Dan ODUDODD W ii.

26 ATTORNEY u wi n May 15, 1923.

H. BREWER MEASURING AND INDIC-ATING APPARATUS Original Filed Feb. 21,1919 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 1 ATTORNEY Reissued May 15, 1923.

UNITED STATES Re. 15,597 PA'I'EN'I' OFFICE.

ASSIGNOR TO LEEDS & NORTI-IRUP COM- PANY, OI PHILADELPHIA,PENNSYLVANIA,A CORPORATION OF PENNSYLVANIA.

MEASURING AN'D INDICATING APYARATUS.

Original No. 1,361,882,

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that 1, HENRY BREWER, a citizen of the. United States,formerly aresident of the city and county of Philadelphia, State ofPennsylvania, and now re; siding at Wilmette, State of Illinois, haveinvented certain new and useful Improvements in Measuring and IndicatingApparatus, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to apparatus for indicating, measuring andrecording conditions or variations in conditions, as chemical, physical,electrical and other conditions, and more particularly temperature andvariations in temperature.-

My invention resides in apparatus, which may be in the nature ofrecording apparatus or with which a. recorder may be cooperativelyassociated, which controls a circuit or circuits for effecting quiteaccurate measurement or indication of magnitude of the condition orvariation thereof, and particularly of temperature or variation thereof;and with such apparatus may be associated further indicating means, suchas lamp or other signals, indicating the general magnitude of thecondition, as of temperature 'which obtains at a particular time.

More particularly my invention resides in apparatus of the characterabove referred to wherein a plurality of temperature re-.

sponsive devices, as t ermo-couples, resistancev thermometers or jectedto the temperatures simultaneously existin and generally not widelydiffering in a urnace or other heating or heater device, as at differentoints or locations -in said furnace or the ike, said temperatureresponsivedevices being brought successively. or alternately intocontrolling relation with automatic mechanism which will produce theindications or measurements above referred to, and which may in additionproduce a record of the tempera ture variations. his a further featureof my invention that but a single calibrated measuring or indicatinginstrument. as a DArsonval galvanometer, sufiices for both temperatureresponsive devices or thermocouples.

My invention resides in further features of novelty and combinationhereinafter described.

the like, are sub For an illustration of one of numerous forms myinvention may take, reference maybe hal to the accompanying drawing, inwhich:

Figure 1 is a perspective View of structure embodying my invention.

Fig. 2 is an elevational view of a modified structure which may beemployed in apparatus such as shown in Fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is a section on the line 33 of Fig. 2.

Fig. 4 is a diagrammatic view, illustrating parts of the structure shownin Fig. 1, together with a calibrated indicating or measuringinstrument, associated signals or indicators, and associated electricalcircuits.

In the illustrated example of my apparatus parts thereof and their modeof operation are similar to those disclosed in prior Letters Patent ofthe United States to Leeds, No. 1,125,699, January 19, 1915, myinvention comprehending, but not being limited to their employment.

Referring to the drawing, M is an electric motor, or any other suitablesource of power, which rotates the shaft 1, preferably at substantiallyconstant speed, which in turn drives the worm 2 meshing with and drivingthe worm gear 23 secured upon the shaft 4. 'Pivoted near its upper endis a lever 5 back of which and pivoted upon lever 5 on a horizontal axisis the arm -(i on each end of which is a shoe 7 of cork or othersuitable material frictionally engaging the rim 8 of the clutch disk orwheel 9 secured upon the shaft 10. Secured upon the shaft 4 is a cam 11.which periodically engages the lever or member 5 and moves it outwardlyaway from the disk 9 in opposition to a spring, not shown. therebylifting the shoes 7 free from the rim-8 of clutch disk 9. the aforesaidspring returning the shoes 7 into engagement with the rim 8 afterpredetermined rotation of the cam 11. Upon the shaft 4 is secured asecond cam 12 which. after the ram 11 has lifted the shoes 7 from rim 8,actuates the end of finger 13 on the lower end of the arm 14 secured-atits upper end to the member 15 pivoted at 16. Upon the frame or member15 is secured the member 17, whose upper edge 18 is inclined andincreases in height from the center toward each side. Disposedinnuediately above the edge 18 is the needle indicating instrument, asfor example, a galvanometer of which 20 is the movable coil or elementwhich swings or deflects the needle or pointer 19 to the right or left.At opposite ends of the member 17 are the abutments 21 for limiting thedeflection or swing of needle 19. Directly above the needle 19 andbeneath which it normally freely swings are the edges 22, preferablystraight and horizontal, upon members 23, 23 pivoted at 24, 24, andextending toward each other, leaving a gap of sufiicient width betweentheir inner ends to allow the free entry of the needle 19 when inbalanced, zero or mid-position, the needle 19 normally swinging freelybetween the edge 18 of member 17 and the lower edges of the members 23,23 which have the downwardly extend- .ing arms 25, 25 drawn toward eachother by the spring 26. Attached to the lower end of the arm or lever 5is the triangular plate 27 carrying the ins 28, 28 cooperatmg with thelower en s of members 25, 25. At opposite ends of the arm 6 are the earsor lugs 29, 29 adapted to be engaged by the cams 30, 30 similar in shapeand similarly positioned and secured upon the shaft 4.

Secured u on the shaft 10 is a disk or wheel 31 o insulating materialcarrying upon its periphery the resistance conductor R, which may bedisposed in the form of a helix laid u on the disk 31. Engaging theresistance is the stationary contact 32 hereinafter referred to. Thedisk 31 may be secured to the shaft 10 in any suitable angular relationwith respect to the other disks or members secured thereon, by set screw33 threaded through the hub 34 through which the shaft 10 extends.

Secured upon the shaft 10 is a second wheel or disk 35 carrying on itsperiphery the resistance 36, 37, of a Wheatstone brid e hereinafterreferred to. The disk 35 is held in any suitable angular position uponthe shaft 10 with respect to the other disks carried thereby by thescrew 38 threaded through the hub 39 through which the shaft 10 asses.

pon the shaft 10 is similarly secured by screw 40 and hub 41 a thirddisk 42 carrying the arcuate contacts 43, 44 and 45, all insulated fromeach other and preferably from the remainder of the apparatus.

W'hile separate disks 31, 35 and 42 are shown, it will be understoodthat these disks or any two of them may be one and the same unitarystructure whereby the different contacts and resistances may be rotatedin unison in predetermined angular relation with respect to each otherby the shaft 10. It is preferable, however, that the disk 31 beindependent, in which case the two disks 35 and 42 may be a unitarystructure whose angular position with respect to the disk 31, andparticularly with respect to the point of contact between resistance Rand contact 32, mziy be adjusted.

n Figs. 2 and 3 such a unitary combination of disks 35 and 42 isindicated. In said figures the disk or wheel 35, shown at the end of theshaft 10, is adjustable to any angular position on the shaft 10 byclamping the nut 35* against the hub 39 of the disk 35, thrusting thesame frictionally against the member 39" secured to the shaft 10. Uponthe periphery of the disk 35 is shown the resistance 36, 37 which may bea wire disposed as a helix upon a mandrel and insulated therefrom theresistance conductor itself terminating, as at a and b, Fig. 2, whilethe mandrel 35 extends beyond and is clamped to th periphery of the disk35 by the clamping piece 35 secured by screw 35. Secured to oppositefaces of the disk 35 are the members 36 and 36', preferably ofinsulating material, on whose peripheral edges the stationary contact 59will ride up, in case the disk 35 is rotated, durin the operation of theapparatus, through su tantially 180 degrees from the position indicatedin Fig. 2.

On a lateral face of the disk 35 may be disposed the aforementionedarcuate contacts 43, 44 and 45.

Secured upon the shaft 10 is the grooved pulley or wheel 46 of anysuitable diameter around which passes the cord 47 which passes oversuitable pulleys 48 and is secured to the marker or recorder pen 49,movable transversely, on guides, not shown, with respect to the recorderpaper P stored upon a roller or spool 50, and having the marginalperforations 51, engaging teeth or pins upon the periphery of theroller52, secured upon the shaft 53 which is driven by the motor Mthrough the worm 54, gear 55, shaft 56, worm 57 and gear'58.

Referring to Fig. 4, the resistance R is shown in a potentiometercircuit having the two branches 60 and 61, each including suitableresistances, thebranches being connected in parallel with each other andin series with the battery or other source of current 62 and adjustableresistance 63. S is a stand ard cell, which may be employed in wellknown manner for procuring predetermined strength of current through thepotentiometer branch 60 by adjustment of the rheostat 63, whendepressing the key 64 which brings the cell S and galvanometer G intoseries with each other and in shunt to the potentiometer resistance 65,-the needle 19 of the galvanomcter G being that indicated in Fig. 1. Fornormal operation, however, the standard cell S is out of circuit and theswitch 66 is in depressed or closed position, whereby one terminal ofthe galvanometer G is connected. to the conductor 67, which terminatesina. contact 68 bearing upon the commutator C, which may be secured uponand rotated by the shaft 56, Fig. 1. In the position indicated in Fig. 4the contact 68 is.

in. electrical connection through a commutator segment with the contact69 which connects to one terminal of the temperature responsive deviceor thermo-couple T, whose remaining terminal connects to the conductor70, which connects to the contact 32, which bears upon the resistance R.A second temperature responsive device or thermocouple T has its oneterminal connected to the conductor 70 and its other terminal to thecontact 71, bearing upon the commutator C, which has a contact which ina later angular position of commutator C bridges contacts 68 and 71, sobringing thermocouple T into communication with the galvanometer G. Itwill be understood that these temperature responsive devices orthermo-couples T and T may be situated at relatively great distancesfrom each other, as

for example, in along furnace the temperatures within which it isdesired to indicate or measure; or they may be located or employed inany other suitable relation with respect to each other.

The resistances 36, 37, upon the disk 35, are indicated as one and thesame resistance conductor terminating at 72 and 73 and engaged by thestationary contact 59. Inasmuch as the disk 35 is rotated to varlouspositions, that part of the resistance 36, 37 to the-right of thecontact 59 is designated 37, while the remainder o'r part on the otherside of the contact 59 is designated 36. The ends of the resistances 36and 37 are flexibly connected to terminals of the stationary resistances74 and 75, res ectively, the four resistances constituting a eatstonebridge arrangement of which two of the arms are rotated by disk 35. To apoint between the resistances 74 and 75 is connected a conductor 76, andto the contact 59 is connected a conductor 77, conductors 76 and 77connecting with any suitable source of current, as a constant potentialdirect current electric lighting system. In the conductor 76 may belocated resistances or rheostats 78, as circumstances may require. Theconductors 79 and 80 connect to the junctions between resistances 36, 74and 37, 75, and communicate through the adjustable resistance 81 withthe terminals of a calibrated indicating or measuring instrument, as.the DArsonval galvanometer V, of which only the movable coil 82 isindicated, indication of the usual permanent magnets being omit-' ted.The movable coil 82 actuates the needle or ointer 83, which cooperateswith the two sca es 0 and 8, either or both of which may be present asmay be desired. The scale s is calibrated in any suitable units, asthose of voltage current or temperature. In the example illustrated, itis calibrated in temperature to measure or indicate the actualtemperature of the thermocouples T, T

The scale 8 may be rotatably adjusted to any suitable position about thepivotal axis of the coil 82. The scale 8 may be termed a deviationscale, showing how much the temperatures of the thermo-couples T and Tdeviate from a given normal or desired temperature correspondingwith thezero or midmarking O of the scale 8 and deflections to either sidethereof indicating in any. suitable units, as temperature, the amount ofdeviation, without, however, measuring or indigi ating the actualtemperatures of the couples The adjustable resistance 81 is forcalibration or compensating purposes, as for resistance of leads 79, 80or other variables which may have to be taken into account.

Besides giving quite accurate or precise .blue, white and red. Oneterminal of each of the lamps g connects with a conductor 84, which withconductor 85 connects with any suitable source of current, and the samemay be the same source, if desirable, to which the conductors 76 and 77connect. The conductor 85 connects with the contact 86 bearmg upon thecommutator C, which has a contact 87 which extends over art of theperiphery of the commutator. his contact is adapted to bridge thecontacts 86 and 88, the-latter connected to one terminal of the greenlamp g. In the position indicated the clrcuit of the lamp 9 is openbecause. both contacts 86 and 88 are bearing upon lnsulation. Thefactthat the lamp 9 is not glowlng indicates that thermo-couple T is atthe time in circuit and T is out of circu1t. When the contact 87 bridgescontacts 86 and 88, lamp 9 glows, indicating that thermo-couple T is incircuit and that couple T is out of circuit, the contacts 68 and 71belng bridged by the middle commutator contact when contact 87 bridgescontacts 86 and 88.

produces an electro-motive-force which is impressed upon thegalvanometer Gin opposltion to the potential impressed upon thatgalvanometer by the potentiometer current. When these potentials areequal the galvanometer G does not deflect and the needle 19 is in themid-position indicated in Fig. 1. It now the temperature of thethermo-couple T increases, its electro-motive-force will increase andcause deflection of the galvanometer needle 19 toward the right, forexample, whereby, due to the periodic vertical. movement of the memberby cam 12, the needle 19 is clamped between the inclined edge 18 and thelower edge 22 of the right hand member 23, causing the arm 25 to betilted in a clockwise direction about its pivot 24, thereby )ushing onthe right hand pin 28 on plate 2 and so tilting the movable or drivingclutch member or arm 6 in a clockwise direction, while cam 11 is holdingshoes 7, 7 from the rim 8 of clutch wheel or disk 9, the angularmovement of the member 6 bein dependent upon the degree of deflection 0Eneedle 19. The shoes 7 again engage the disk 8 upon release of the arm 5by cam 11 and the left hand cam -30engages the left hand lug 29,rotating the driving clutch member 6 in counterclockwise directionearrying the disk 8 in counterclockwise direction through an equalangle. This rotates the resistance R with respect to the contact 32 insuch direction as to tend to restore a balance of electro-motiveforceswhich tends to decrease the deflection of the needle 19 whicheventually, due to successive operations, may again find itself in midor zero position indicated in Fig. l, and no further actuation of theshaft 10 will occur.

If when this balance is again attained the temperature to which thethermo-couple T is subjected is above the normal or desired temperature,the contact 43 will be in engagement with contact 89 and so closecircuit through the red lamp 1' which accordingly gives a signal orindication to the effect that the temperature is too high. If thetemperature is not far above the normal or desired temperature thecontact 43 may be in contaet'with brush 89 while contact 44 is still inengagement with brush 90, in which case lamps r and w willsimultaneously glow, indicating that the temperature is too high, butonly slightly so. Similarly, if

. the temperature to which the couple T is subjected and at which theneedle 19 comes to a balance is below the desired or normal temperature,contact 45 will be in engagement with brush 90 and so cause energizetionof blue lamp 6 indicating too low a temperature; and if this temperatureis not far too low, while contact 45 is in engagement with contact 90,contact 44 will still be in engagement with contact 89 and so causewhite light 10 to glow.

At the same time that the contacts 43, 44 and 45 are rotated, as abovedescribed. upon change of temperature of the couple T, the

WVheatstone bridge arms 36 and 37 are rotated to like extent and in likedirection. Assuming the temperature of the couple T to be above normalor desired temperature, with resultant position of the disk 35corresponding with a position counterclockwise to that indicated in Fig.4, resistance 36 will be less than resistance 37, the Wheatstone bridgewill be unbalanced, and there will be a. corresponding difference ofpotential of predetermined direction impressed upon conductors 79 and80, causing the calibrated meter V to deflect toward the right, forexample. The needle 83 in so deflecting to the right will, as regardsscale 8 indicate in de rees of temperature, or other suitable unlts, theextent of departure of temperature of the couple T from the desired ornormal temperature, indicated by O on scale 8 Supposing the desired ornormal temperature for the couple T is 1200 degrees; the scale s isrotated to such )osition that when there is no current throng thegalvanometer coil 82 the needle 83 points at 1200 degrees, as indicatedon the drawing. In other words, the 1200 degree marking of the scale sis brought opposite the zero marking O of the scale s; when, as assumed,the needle 83 deflects toward the right, it will simultaneously indicateas to scale s the actual temperature of the thermo cou le T, while thescale s merely indicates tie extent of departure from the normal ordesired temperature. It may sometimes not be desirable or necessary tohave both scales 8 and s in the instrument, but my invention comprehendsemployment of either or both.

Similarly, if the temperature of couple T is below normal or desiredtemperature, the fi'eedle 83 will deflect toward the left, and so againindicate departure from normal as well as actual temperature of thecouple T, the deflection toward the left being due to reversal ofpolarities at the junctions between the resistances 74, 7 5 andconductors 79, 80.

What has been stated concerning thermocouple T, is also true ofthermo-couple'T, the two couples bein alternatelybroughtinto operativerelation with the potentiometer circuit, including resistance R andgalvanometer (lr, by the commutator C which rotates to any suitable ordesired speed. The less the difference between the temperatures to whichthe couples T and T are respectively subjected, the higher may be thefrequency or speed of rotation of the commutator C.

for in such case the mechanism controlled by the galvanometer needle 19need not go through so many or so great steps.

Besides giving the indications by the-lamps and measurements orindications by the meter V, the apparatus controlled by the galvanometerneedle 19 moves the recorder marker 49 transversely to the direction ofmotion of the recorder paper P, which is bysaid fieflectingmember;

' eeti g m mb r; cationsrespect1n sai meter actuatedb indicated thearrow. .The marker. 49 so makes a mark 'or'record 94, which is'jacomposite ofeflects' ofvboth couplesT'and :1. While, only two ternerature responsive deviees'T and T, have en'. shown, it will beunderstood-that .my inventioncomprehends'also employment of only one andmore than .two with apparatus associated there-' ecting member andactuated by said source of power undercontrol of said de-,

fleeting. member, a plurality e f-members adapted severally co-operatewith said secondvnamed'member in control of said. deflecting.';member,-means actuated {by 7 said source of power jor bringing said-members i=successively into H col-operation with i said second named member, ameter, a'fresistan'ce' determining thede'flection of-said meter,- andmeans for: varyingjsaid resistange controlled 211mm "combinationfl withaiaefltfin I member, of fa1rsource "of: power, amember adapted toproduce a-change in the deflection:

of-said deflecting? member and actuated by said source of power undercontrol of said deflexiting inen' bei a plurality of members adaptedseverally taco-o rate with said second named member-in control of saiddef .flecti' memben ia meter, aj resistance-{dew rig; gas, deflectionof; said; meter, and t y id; Source ofrpower-"un.

' -P Q shgn einith second amed-membersin contrel ef said'Tde SLJThe"combination wltha galvanom fleeting, member, means";.bringing; saidmembers successively into co" perati'on with said armeter, and means I'said galvanometer comprisinga deviceand' a plurality ofmembersadaptedseverally vto' ower, a member adapted source Ofpower undercontrol of said deflecting-member a plurality of members adaptedseverally. j to co operate with said secondhsimed member in control ofsaid dc- :ajmeter-jor making indi r n amed em e 3 the readings of esaidja ine-ingesting; N V

urde'ofp w i 1 ation'with a deflecting memage in the deflection of said5'Th6 combination with a alvanometer having a deflecting member, 0 asource of power, electrical means controlling said gal- ,va'nometerCOIIlPllSlIl I members, a circuit including said instrument,

and-means actuated, by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting" member for varyin said circuit.

.v 6. e combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asourceof power, electrical means controlling saidgalvanometer comprisinga device and a plurality of members adapted severally to cooperate withsaid device, said device actuated by said source of power under controlof said deflecting member, means for bringing said members'successivelyinto co-opera tion with said device, an. instrument for makmembers, aWheatstone bridge controlling said instrument, and means actuated b saidsource of'power undercontrol of sand de fleeting member "controllingresistance of said Wheatstone bridge;

a 7. The combination with s'gnvanomem T having a' deflecting member, ofa source of power, electrical means controlling said gala vanometer.comprising-a device and fa plu rality" of members adaptedseverally-tocooperate ZWith saiddevice, said'de'vice actuated by said source ofpower under control of said deflecting member, means for bring I ingsaid memberssucces'sively'into co-opera' fl'tion with said 'device, an'instrument for malt- I vjng measurements respecting saidlast namedmembers, a YWhe'a'tstOne bridge controlling c said instrument, and meansactuated bysaid ;',source. ofpower u'nderlrcontrol of said de-' fleetingmember moving resistance of said bridge to efl'ect control of saidinstrument eter'; having a; deflecting member, of a sou'rceof power,electr cal means controlling co-operate with said device, said deviceactuated by said sourceof power under'control of said deflecting member,means for bringlug-said members successively 1nto cooperation with saiddevice, an instrument formaking measurements respectin last named nembers, a wheatstone rldg'e controlling sa-id'jnstrument, a resistanceof said bridge moved -'b S fl.1d S 0ll;I C 8 of, power under sistanceeifecting control of said 9o ing measurements respectingsaid last named1 9. The combination with a galvanometer said deflecting member, meansfor bringing having a deflecting member, of a source of power,electrical means controlling said galvanometer comprising a variablemember and a pluralit of temperature responsive devices adapt severallyto co-operate with said variable member to control said galvanometer,said variable member actuated by said source of power under control ofsaid deflecting member, means for bringing said temperature responsivedevices successively into cooperation with said variable member, aninstrument for making indications respecting the temperatures of saidtemperature responsive devices, a circuit ineluding said instrument, andmeans actuated by said source of power under control of said deflectingmember for varying said circuit.

10. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometercomprising a variable member and a plurality of temperature responsivedevices adapted severally to co-operate with said variable member tocontrol said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said sourceof power under control'of said deflecting member, means for bringingsaid temperature responsive devices successively into co-operation Withsaid variable member, a second galvanome'ter whose deflections indicatethe temperatures of said temperature responsive devlces, a circuitincluding said second galvanometer, and means actuated by said source ofpower under control of said deflecting member varying said circuit tovary the deflections of said second galvanometer.

11. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometercomprising a variable member and a plurality of temperature responsivedevices adapted severally to co-operate with said variable member tocontrol said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said sourceof power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringingsaid temperature responsive devices successively into co-operation withsaid variable member, an instrument for making indications respectingthe temperatures of said temperature responsive devices, and a variableresistance controllin said instrument and controlled by sailpdyfideecting member.

12. The c0 ination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometercomprising a variable member and a plurality of temperature responsivedevices adapte severally to co-operate with said variable member tocontrol said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said sourceof power under control of said temperature responsive devicessuccesslvel into co-operatlon with said variable mem er, an instrumentfor making indicatlons respecting the tem ratures of said temperatureresponsive evices, a Wheatstone bridge controlling deflections of saidinstrument, variation of "resistance of said bridge controlled by saiddeflecting member.

13. The combination with a alvanometer having a deflecting member, 0 asource of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometercomprising a variable member and a plurality of temperature responsivedevices ada ted severally to co-operate with said variab e member tocontrol said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said sourceof ower under control of sald deflecting mem er, means for bringing saidtemperature responsive devices successivel into co-operatlon with saidvariable mem er, an instrument for making indications respecting thetemperatures of said temperature responsive devices, a Wheatstonc bridgecontrolling deflections of said instrument, resistance of said bridgemoved by said source of power under control of said deflecting member.

14 The combination with a alvanometer having a deflecting member, 0 asource of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometercomprising a variable member and a plurality of temperature responsivedevices adapted severally to co-operate with said variable member tocontrol said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said sourceof power under control of said deflecting member, means. for bringingsaid temperature responsive devices successively intoco-operation withsaid variable member, a deviation meter indicating the departureof'temperatures of said temperature responsive devices from apredetermined value, a Wheatstone bridge controlling said meter, and,means actuated by said source of power under, control of said deflectingmember changing the relation of the resistance values of arms of saidbridge.

15. The combination with a galvanometer having 'a deflecting member, ofa source of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanometer, aplurality of thermo-couples, a resistance of saidpotentiometer adjustedby said source of power under control of said deflecting member, meansfor bringing said thermo-couples successively into co-operation withsaid potentiometer, an instrument for giving indications respecting thetemperatures of said thermo-couples, a circuit including saidinstrument, and means controlled by said deflecting member controllingsaid circuit.

16. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, a potentiometer controlling said gal vanometer, aplurality of thermo-couples, a resistance of said potentiometer adjustedby said source of power under control of said deflecting member, meansfor bringing said thermo-couples successively into cooperation with saidpotentiometer, a meter whose deflections are measures of thetemperatures of said thermo-couples, a. circuit including said meter,and means controlling said circuit controlled by said deflecting member.

17. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanometer, aplurality of thermo-couples, a

resistance of said potentiometer adjusted by said source of power undercontrol of said deflecting member, means for bringing saidthermo-couples successively into co-operation with said potentiometer, ameter whose deflections are measures of the temperatures of saidthermo-c-ouples, a circuit. including said meter, and means controllingsaid circuit actuated by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting member.

18. The combination with a. galvanometer having a deflecting member, ofa source of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanometer, aplurality of thermo-couples, a

$0 resistance of said potentiometer adjusted by said source of powerunder control of said deflecting member, means for bringing saidthermo-couples successively into co-operation with said potentiometer,an instrument for giving indications respecting the temsaid source ofpower under control of said deflecting member, means for bringing saidthermo-couples successively into co-operation with said potentiometer,an instrument for giving indications respecting the temperatures of saidthermo-couples, a Wheatstone bridge controlling said instrument, andmeans actuated by said source of power under control of said deflectingmember for varying the relation of the resistances in arms of saidbridge. K 20. The combination with a galvanomet .1

having a deflecting member, of a source of power, a potentiometercontrolling said galvanometer, a plurality of thermo-couples, a

no resistance of said potentiometer adjusted by said source of powerunder dontrol of said deflecting member, means for/bringing saidthermo-couples successively into co-operation with said potentiometer,an instrument to for giving indications respecting the temperatures ofsaid therrno-couples, a resistance controlling said instrument and movedto vary the same by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting member.

21. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanomete-r, aplurality of thermo-couples, a resistance of said potentiometer adjustedby said source of power under control of said deflecting member, meansfor bringing said thermo-couples successively intoco-operation with saidpotentiometer, an instrument for giving indications respecting thetemperatures of said thermo-couples, a \Vheatstone bridge controllingsaid instrument, resistance of said bridge moved by said source of powerunder control of said deflecting instrument, and a stationary contactengaging said movable resistance to vary the relations of theresistances in arms of said bridge.

22. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power, adevice and a member co-operat-ively controlling deflection of saiddeflecting member, means actuated by said source of power under controlof said deflecting member varying the effect of said device, aninstrument for indicating a condition of said member, and .meanscontrolling said instrument actuated by said source of power.

23. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, ofa' source of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanometer, aplurality of thermo-couples, a resistance of said potentiometer adjustedby said source of power under control of said deflecting member, meansfor bringing said thermo-couples successively into co-operation withsaid potentiometer, an instrument for giving indications respecting thetemperatures of said thermo-couples, a VVheatstone bridge controllingmid instrument. resistance of said bridge moved by said source of powerunder control of said deflecting instrument, and a stationary contactengaging said movable resistance to Vary the relations of theresistances in arms of said bridge under control of said deflectingmember.

24. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power,electrical de vices co-operating in control of said deflectin member,one of said devices actuated by said source of power under control ofsaid deflecting member. an instrument making indication respectinganother of said devices, and means controlling said instrument actuatedby said source of power under control of said deflecting member.

25. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power,electrical devices co-operating in control of said deflecting member,one of said devices actuated by said source of power under control ofsaid deflecting member, an instrument making indication respectinganother of said devices, a circuit controllin said instrument, and meanscontrolling said circuit actuated by said source of power under controlof said deflecting member".-

26. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power,electrical devices co-operating in control of said deflecting member,one of said devices actuated by said source of power under control ofsaid deflecting member, an instrument whose deflection is a measure of acondition of another of said devices, and variable electrical meanscontrolling extent of deflection of said instrument and controlled bysaid source of power under control of said deflecting member.

27. The combination with a galvanometerhaving a deflecting member, of asource of power, electrical devices eo-operating in control of saidgalvanometer, one of said devices varied by said source of power undercontrol of said deflecting member. an instrument making indicationrespecting another of said devices, and means controlling saidinstrument controlled by said deflecting member.

28. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, electrical devices co-operating in control of saidgalvanometer, one of said devices varied by said source of power undercon- .trol of said deflecting member, a second galvanometer makingindication respecting another of said devices, a Wheatstone bridgecontrolling said second galvanometer, and means actuated by said sourceof power under control of said deflecting member varying resistance inan arm of said bridge.

29. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, electrical devices co-operating in control of saidgalvanometer, one of said devices varied by said source of power undercontrol of said deflecting member, a second galvanometer makingindication respecting another of said devices, a Wheatstone bridgecontrolling said second galvanometer, and resistance of said bridgemoved by said source of power under control of said deflecting member tovary the eleetro-motiveforce impressed upon said second galvanometer.

30. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, variable electrical means and a temperature responsivedevice co-operating in control of said galvanometer, said means beingvaried by said source of power under control of said deflecting member,an instrument making indication respecting the temperature of saidtemperature responsive device, and electrical means controlling saidinstrument varied b said source of power under control of sai deflectingmember.

31. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, variable electrical means and a temperature responsivedevice co-operating in control of said galvanometer said means beingvaried by said source pf power under control of said deflecting member,an instrument whose deflection indicates deviation of temperature ofsaid temperature responsive device from a predetermined temperature,variable resistance determining deflection of said instrument, and meanscontrolled by said deflecting member tor varying said variableresistance.

32. The combination with a galvanonieter having a deflecting member, ofa source of power, variable electrical means and a temperatureresponsive device co-operating in control of said galvanometer, saidmeans being varied by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting member, an instrument whose deflection indicates deviation oftemperature of said temperature responsive device from a predeterminedtemperature, variable resistance determining deflection of saidinstrument, and means actuated by said source of power under control ofsaid deflecting member for varying said variable resistance.

33. The combination with a galvanomcter having a deflecting member, of asource of power, variable electrical means and a temperature responsivedevice co-operatine in control of said galvanometer, said means beingvaried by said source of power under control of said deflecting member,a meter whose deflections measure the temperature of said temperatureresponsive device, a re sistance whose variation determines extent ofdeflection of said meter, and means actuated by said source of powerunder control of said deflecting member for varying said resistance.

34. The combination with a galvanoincter having a deflecting member, ofa source of power, variable electrical means and a temperatureresponsive device co-o 'ierating in control of said galvanometer. saidmeans being varied by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting member, an in strument making indication respectingtemperature of said temperature responsive'device, a Wheatstone bridgecontrolling said instrument, two resistance arms of said bridge moved bysaid source of power under control of said deflecting member, and a.stationary contact with respect to which said resistance arms are movedto vary the electro-motive-force impressed upon said instrument.

35. The combination with a galvanometcr having a deflecting member, of asource of power, a potentiometer and a thermo-couple controlling saidgalvanometer, a resistance of said potentiometer varied by said sourceof power under control of said deflecting member, a second galvanometerwhose deflection makes indication respecting temperature ofsaidthermo-couple, a resistance varied in accordance with changes oftemperature of said couple controlling said instrument, and meansactuated by said source of wer under control of said deflecting memr forvarying said resistance.

36. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, a potentiometer and a thermo-couple controlling saidgalvanometer, a resistance of said potentiometer varied by said sourceof power under control of said deflecting member, a second galvanometerthe extent of whose deflection is a measure of the temerature of saidcouple, a Wheatstone bridge with which said galvanometer is associated,and means actuated by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting member for varying resistance relations in i said bridge tovary the electro-motive-force impressed upon said second galvanometer.37. The combination with a galvanometer having a member capable ofdeflection in opposite directions, of a source of power, variableelectrical means and an electrical device co-operating therewith tocontrol said galvanometer, a clutch comprising a driving member drivenby said source of power and controlled by said deflecting member, adriven member for varying said variable electrical means, an instrumentcapable of deflection in opposite directions and indicating therebyvarlation of a condition of said electrical device from a predeterminedvalue, a circuit controllin said instrument, and meanscontrolling saldcircuit actuated by said driven clutch member.

38. The combination with a galvanometer, of a source of power, variableelectrical means and a plurality of electrical devices adapted severallyto co-operate with said means to control said galvanometer, said meansvaried by said source of power under control of said galvanometer, meansfor bringing said devices successively into cooperation with said firstnamed means, and means for indicating which of said devices isco-operating with said first named means.

39. The combination with a galvanometer, of a source of power, variableelectrical means and a plurality of electrical devices adapted severallyto co-operate with said means to control said galvanometer, said meansvaried by said source of power under control of said galvanometer, meansactuated by said source of power for bringing said devices successivelyinto co-operation with said first named means, and means for indicatingwhich of said devices is co-oper-' a device therewith controlling saidgalvanometer, a4 source of power, an instrument for making indicationrespecting a condition of said device, a circuit controllin said in-'strument, and means controlling said circuit actuated by said source ofpower under control of said deflectin member, said circuits beingelectrically in ependentof each other and co-operating only throughactuation of said last named means by said source of power.

41 The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, a temperature responsive device controlling saidgalvanometer, an instrument givinglndications respecting the temperatureto which said temperature responsive device is subjected, a circuit forsaid instrument, a controller for said circuit actuated by said sourceof power under control of said deflecting member, said circuits beingelectrically independent of each other and co-operating only throughactuation of said controller by said source of power.

42. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power, amember adapted to produce a change in the deflection of said deflectingmember and actuated by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting member, a plurality of members adapted severally toco-operate with said second named member in control of said deflectingmember, and means actuated by said source of power for bringing saidmembers successively into co-operation with said second named member.

I 43. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power, amember adapted to produce a change in the deflection of said deflectingmember and actuated by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting member, a plurality of members adapted severally toco-operatewith said second named member in control of said deflectingmember, a meter, a resistance detcrmining the deflection of said meter,means actuated by said source of power under control of said deflectingmember for varying said resistance, and a recorder marker actuated bysaid source of power under control of said deflecting member, forproducing a record related to the indications of said meter.

44. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometercomprising a device and a plurality of members adapted severally tocooperate with said device, said device actuated by said source of powerunder control of said deflecting member, means for bringing said memberssuccessively into co-operation with said device, an instrument formaking measurements respecting said last namedmembers, a Wheatstonebridge controlling said instrument, means actuated by said source ofpower under control of said deflecting member controlling resistance ofsaid Wheatstone bridge, and a marker actuated by said source of powerunder control of said deflecting member for producing a record relatedto the indications of said instrument.

45. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, electrical means controlling said galvanometercomprising a variable member and a plurality of temperature responsivedevices adapted severally to co-operate with said variable member tocontrol said galvanometer, said variable member actuated by said sourceof power under control of said deflecting member, means for bringingsaidtemperature responsive devices successively into co-operation with saidvarlable member, an instrument for making indications respecting thetemperatures of said temperature responsive devices, a circuit includingsaid instrument, means actuated by said source of power under control-ofsaid deflecting member for varying said circuit, and a marker actuatedbysaid source of power under control of said deflecting member forproducing a record related to the indications of the said instrument. I

46. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of asource of power, a potentiometer controlling said galvanometer, aplurality of thermo-couples, a resistance of said potentiometer adjustedby said source of power under control of said deflecting member, meansfor bringing said thermo-couples successively into co-operation withsaid potentiometer, an instrument for giving indications respecting thetemeratures of said thermo-couples, a circuit including said instrument,means controlled by said deflecting member controlling said circuit, anda marker actuated by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting member for producing a record related to the indications ofsaid instrument.

47. The combination with a deflectingmember, of a source of power, adevice and a member co-operatively controlling deflec- .tionof saiddeflecting member, means actuated by said source of power under controlof said deflecting member varylng the effect of sald device, aninstrument for lndicatmg a condition of said device, means controllingsaid instrument actuated by said source of power, and a marker actuatedby said source of power under control of said deflecting member forproducing a record related to the indications of said instrument.

control of said galvanometer, said means being varied by said source ofpower under control of said deflecting member, an instrument makingindication respecting the tem-. perature of said temperature responsivedevice, electrical means controlling said instrument varied by saidsource of power un-- der control of said deflecting member, and a markeractuated b said source of power under control of sai deflecting memberfor producing a record related to the indications of said instrument.

49. The combination with a galvanometer, of a source of power, variableelectrical means and a plurality of electrical devices adapted severallyto co-operate with said ,means to control said galvanometer, said meansvaried by said source of-power under control of said galvanometer, meansfor bringing said devices successively into cooperation with said firstnamed means, means for indicating which of said devices is .co-opcratingwith said first named means, an instrument for making indicationsrespecting conditions of said devices, and a marker actuated by saidsource of power under control of said galvanometer to produce a recordrelated to the indications of said instrument.

50. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflecting member, of acircuit and Ya device therewith controlling said galvanometer, a sourceof power, an instrument for making indication respecting a condition ofsaid device, a circuit cont-rolling said instrument, means controllingsaid circuit actuated by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting member, said circuits being electrically independent of eachother and co-operative only through actuation of said last named meansby said source of power, and a marker actuated by said source of powerunder control of said deflecting member for making a record related tothe indications of said instrument.

51. The combination with a plurality of temperature responsive devices,of a galvanometer and co-operating means for giving indicationsrespecting temperatures of said devices, switching means for bringingsaid temperature responsive devices successivelyinto co-operativerelation with respect to said galvanometer, and means for indicatingwhich of said temperature responsive devices is at any given time inco-operativerelation with said galvanometer.

52. The combination with a plurality of temperature responsive devices,of a galvanometer and co-operating means for givin indicationsrespecting temperatures of said devices, switching means for bringingsaid temperature responsive devices successively into co-operativerelation with respect to said galvanomete and a group of signalsindicating, respectively, 'difl'erent conditions respecting saidtemperature responsive devices.

53. The combination with a galvanometer having a deflectin member, of acircuit and a device therewit controlling said galvanometer, a source ofpower, an instrument for makin indication respecting a condition of saidevice, a circuit controlling said instrument, means controlling saidcircuit actuated by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting member, said circuits being electrically independent of eachother and co-operating only through actuation of said last named meansby said source of power, a grou of signals each indicating a differentcon ition respecting said devlce, and switching mechanism actuated bysaid source of power under control of said deflecting member controllingsaid signals.

54. The combination with a deflecting member, of a source of power, amember adapted to produce a change in the deflection of said deflectingmember and actuated by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting member, a plurality of devices adapted severally toco-operate with said second named member in controlling said deflectingmember, means actuated by said source of power for bringing said devicessuccessively into co-operation with said second named member, anindicator c0- operating with said means for indicating which of saiddevices is co-operating with said second named member, a meter formaking indications respecting said devices, a resistance determining thedeflection of said meter, means for varying said resistance.

actuated by said source of power under control of said deflectingmember, and a second indicator for indicating the condition of saiddevices actuated by said source of power under control of saiddeflecting member.

55. The combination with a device responsive to changes in a condition,of a structure movable under control of said device, means forindicating changes in condition afl'ecting said device, and meansoperated by said movable structure controlling said indicating means.

56. The combination with a movable structure. of a device responsive tochanges in a condition, a galvanometer controlled by said device andcontrolling movement of said structure, means responsive to movement ofsaid structure, and an indicator controlled by said last named means.

57. The combination with a device responsive to changes in a condition,of a movable structure, a galvanometer controlled by said device andcontrolling said movable structure, a second galvanometer, an electricalcircuit for said second galvanometer, and a resistance in said circuitvaried by movement of said structure.

58. The combination with a device responsive to changes in a condition,of a movable structure, a lVheatstone bridge associated with saidstructure, movement of said structure varying the resistance relationsof said Wheatstone bridge, and a deflecting galvanometer associated withsaid Wheatstone bridge for measuring by the extent of its-deflection theextent of change in said condition.

59. The combination with a temperature responsive. device, of amovablestructure controlled thereby, a Wheatstone bridge having two armsmovable with said structure, a fixed contact associated with said twoarms, and a galvanometer associated with said Wheatstone bridge,

60. The combination with a thermocouple and an electrical circuittherefor, of a structure movable in response to potential changes insaid circuit, a second electrical circuit, a resistance in said secondcircuit varied by movement of said structure, and an indicator in saidsecond circuit, said circuits being electrically independent.

61. The combination with a thermocouple and an electrical circuittherefor, of a structure movable under control of said circuit, aWheatstone bridge having two arms carried by said movable structurewhereby the resistance relations of said \Vheatstone bridge are variedby movement of said structure, and a galvanometer in circuit with saidWheatstone bridge.

62. The combination with a thermocouple, of an electrical circuit forsaid thermo-couple. a structure movable under control of saidthermo-couple, a second elec trical circuit including an instrument forindicating the temperature condition of said thermo-couple, and meansoperated by said structure controlling said indicator.

63. The combination with a temperature responsive device, of a group ofsignals for giving indications respecting the temperature of saiddevice, means responsive to changes in temperature of said devicecontrolling said signals individually, and a galvanometer controlled bysaid mea s for in dicating the temperature of said device.

64. The combination with a plurality of temperature responsive devices,of means for indicating the temperatures thereof. a group of signallamps for indicating the tempera- .tures of said devices, and switchingmechanism for periodically bringing said devices into co-operativerelation with said indicating means and said group of lamps.

65. The combination with a plurality of temperature responsive devices,of means for indicating the temperatures thereof, a group of signallamps for indicating the temperatures of said devices, switchingmechanism for periodically bringing said devices into cooperativerelation with said indicating means, and means responsive to changes ntemperature of said devices controlling said lamps individually.

66. The combination with a device responsive to changes in a condition,of a movable structure, a Wheatstone bridge having two of its armsmovable with said structure, and an instrument controlled by saidWheatstone bridge for giving indications respect? ing said condition.

67. The combination with a device responsive to changes in a condition,of a movable structure, meanscontrolled by said device controlling theextent of movement of said structure, a Wheatstone bridge having twoarms movable'with said structure, and an indicating instrumentcontrolled by said Wheatstone bridge for indirectly giving indicationsrespectlng said condition.

68. The combination with a device re s onsive to changes in magnitude ofa condition, of a plurality of signals for indicating diiferentmagnitudes of said condition, means controlled by said device forcontrolling said signals individually, and a galvanometer controlled bysaid means for indicating different magnitudes of said condition.

69. The combination with a plurality of devices for producing electricalefi'ects corresponding with variations in magnitudes of conditions, of agalvanometer, a single group of signals individually controlled by saidgalvanometer, and switching mechanism for associating said devices oneat a time with said galvanometer and with the same signals of saidgroup.

.70. The combination with a plurality of temperature responsive devices,of a galvanometer, a single group of signals in-- dividually controlledby said galvanometer, and switching mechanism for associating ,saidtemperature responsive devices one at a time wlth said galvanometer andwith the same signals of said group.

71. Thecombination with a plurality of devices for producing electricaleifects corresponding with variations in magnitudes of conditions, of agalvanometer, .a single group of signals individually controlled by saidgalvanometer, switching mechanism for associating said devices one at atime with said galvanometer and with the same signals of said group, andmeans for periodically actuating sa1d switching mechanism.

72. The combination with a plurality of devices for producing electricalefiects corresponding with variations in magnitudes of conditions, of aof conditions, of a galvanometer, a single group of signals individuallycontrolled by said galvanometer, switching mechanism for associatingsaid devices one at a time with said galvanometer and with the samesignals of said group, and a second galvanometer controlled by saidfirst named galvanometer for indicating said magnitudes of saidconditions.

73. The combination with a plurality of temperature responsive devices,of a galvanometer, a single group of signals in- 'dividually controlledby said galvanometer,

switching mechanism for associating said temperature responsive devicesone at a time with said galvanometer and with the same signals of saidgroup, and a second galvanometer controlled by said first namedgalvanometer for indicating the magnitudes of said temperatures.

of conditions, of a galvanometer, a single group of signals, a movablestructure whose movements are controlled by said galvanometer, switchingmechanism moved by said movable structure for controlling said signals,and switching mechanism for associating said devices oneat a time withsaid galvanometer and therethrough with the same signals of said group.7

76. The combination with a plurality of devices for producing electricalefi'ects corresponding with variations in magnitudes lvanometer, a sinle group of signals, switching mechanism or associating said devices oneat a time with said galvanometer, and switching mechanism controlled bysaid'galvanometer for controlling the same signals individually for eachof said devices, said last named switching mechanism comprising meansfor efl'ecting simultaneous display of a plurality of sa1d signals ofsaid group.

In testimony whereof I have hereunto affixed my signature this 25th dayof November, 1922.

HENRY BREWER.

